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  Introduction
  Geography
  People
  Government
  Economy
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  Military
  Transnational Issues

In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook 2004.


This page was last updated on 30 November, 2004


Map of Monaco

Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order
   Introduction    Monaco
Background:
Definition Field Listing
Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
   Geography    Monaco
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
43 44 N, 7 24 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Europe
Area:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
4.1 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
hilly, rugged, rocky
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
none
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (2001)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
NA sq km
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
   People    Monaco
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
32,270 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,554; female 2,453)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,860; female 10,165)
65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,959; female 4,279) (2004 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field Listing
total: 45.1 years
male: 43.1 years
female: 47.1 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
0.44% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
9.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
12.74 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
7.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total population: 79.42 years
male: 75.53 years
female: 83.5 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
1.76 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Roman Catholic 90%
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: NA
total population: 99%
male: NA
female: NA
   Government    Monaco
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principaute de Monaco
local short form: Monaco
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
Monaco
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
17 December 1962
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
21 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)
head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000)
cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
NA
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
ACCT, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
   Economy    Monaco
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.
GDP:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $870 million (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
purchasing power parity - $27,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: NA
industry: NA
services: NA (2001 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (2000)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
30,540 (January 1994)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
3.1% (1999)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $518 million
expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1995)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
none
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA kWh
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France
Exports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Imports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
NA (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Currency:
Definition Field Listing
euro (EUR)
Currency code:
Definition Field Listing
EUR
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
euros per US dollar - 0.8860 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
calendar year
   Communications    Monaco
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
33,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
19,300 (2002)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
domestic: NA
international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
5 (1998)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.mc
Internet hosts:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
533 (2004)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
16,000 (2002)
   Transportation    Monaco
Highways:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
total: 50 km
paved: 50 km
unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Ports and harbors:
Definition Field Listing
Monaco
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing
none
Airports:
Definition Field Listing
none; linked to the airport at Nice, France by helicopter service (2003) (2003 est.)
Heliports:
Definition Field Listing
1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2003 est.)
   Military    Monaco
Military - note:
Definition Field Listing
defense is the responsibility of France
   Transnational Issues    Monaco
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
none

This page was last updated on 30 November, 2004


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